Legal Regulation Provision of temporary protection of citizens of Ukraine in the member states of the European Union
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18316/redes.v13i3.12449Palavras-chave:
proteção internacional, estatuto de residente de longa duração na UE, refugiados, direitos dos cidadãos da UE, proteção temporáriaResumo
O artigo examina as perspectivas legais do mecanismo internacional de proteção temporária para cidadãos da Ucrânia nos estados-membros da UE. A questão da proteção temporária é regulamentada pela Diretiva 2001/55/EC datada de 20 de julho de 2001, que foi ativada pela primeira vez na história pela Decisão do Conselho da UE 2022/382 datada de 4 de março de 2022, que fornece proteção imediata e acesso a direitos na UE, incluindo o direito de residência, acesso à moradia, acesso ao mercado de trabalho, acesso à educação para crianças, o direito à assistência médica e social. A Diretiva 2001/55/EC foi ativada pela primeira vez na história para ucranianos que estão fugindo da guerra em massa após a invasão em grande escala do exército russo na Ucrânia, e o período de 3 anos é o máximo para seu efeito. No entanto, a guerra na Ucrânia continua e o Conselho da UE decidiu estender a proteção temporária para cidadãos ucranianos nos estados-membros da União Europeia até 4 de março de 2026. As previsões de especialistas sobre quando a guerra na Ucrânia terminará variam muito (desde este ano até décadas) e, portanto, a questão do status legal dos cidadãos ucranianos nos estados-membros da União Europeia se torna relevante e precisa encontrar opções para sua solução. No entanto, o status legal temporário por um período indeterminado não é a melhor solução; os cidadãos da Ucrânia se encontraram em estados-membros da UE em modo de espera sem um prazo. Isso não contribui nem para a integração total dos ucranianos na sociedade europeia nem para sua decisão de retornar à Ucrânia. O objetivo do artigo é analisar possíveis opções legais para resolver esta questão com base no uso complexo de métodos de conhecimento científico como histórico, formal-legal, comparativo-legal e prognóstico. Concluiu-se que nas condições políticas modernas é necessário buscar um mecanismo legal permanente para a permanência de cidadãos da Ucrânia nos estados-membros da UE, em vez de um temporário.
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