Trade of Hovenia dulcis (Japanese Raisin Tree), an exotic invasive species in southern Brazil

Abstract

The Invasive Exotic Species (IES) have been extensively studied due to the negative impacts caused by them, generating ecological, economic and human health costs. Some of these draw attention to their potential for invasion, such as Hovenia dulcis Thunb. (Rhamnaceae), popularly known as japanese raisin tree. In Brazil, the most of records are found in the Southern Region (states of Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul). The high occurrence of the species in this region may be associated with the interest of the population in its cultivation, facilitated by the acquisition of seedlings in specialized establishments. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential trade of the species in specialized establishments (nurseries and flower shops) in the Southern Region of Brazil. In total, 303 establishments (205 plant nurseries and 98 flower farms) were investigated, and trade was evidenced in 168 (100 plant nurseries and 68 flower shops). Of the 135 remaining, 85 did not report the species trade and 49 did not return from the initial contact by e-mail. Different market values were evidenced and some known uses were identified in the establishments investigated. The present work evidenced a considerable trade of the species in southern Brazil. The use of H. dulcis by local populations is probably the main introduction/dispersal pathway of the species in southern Brazil. The existence IES regional lists have not been prevented the H. dulcis trade, especially where such trade is illegal (states of Paraná e Rio Grande do Sul).