Indiscriminate use of acetaminophen in Rio Grande do Sul: profile of a decade

Abstract

Acetaminophen is an over-the-counter drug and one of the most widely used painkillers today. The lack of knowledge of the population about its toxic effects has caused an increase in poisoning cases. This study aimed to describe the clinical and biochemical signs of acetaminophen poisoning, tools used to assess the need for the antidote and the reversal of the toxic scenario. In addition, to describe statistical data on drug poisoning, especially acetaminophen in Rio Grande do Sul, recorded by the state's Toxicological Information Center (2008 to 2017). Acetaminophen has been shown to be safe at the correct doses, but poisoning can lead to severe liver damage. As for diagnosis and treatment, the Rumack-Matthew Nomogram and the antidote proved to be great tools to prevent more severe cases. Regarding statistical data, drugs accounted for 30,85% of total poisonings in the period, with an increase in poisoning associated with acetaminophen (5,901 cases), the main responsible for poisoning in its class (analgesics/antipyretics), with 67,2% of cases. The most prevalent profile of poisoning was in adults because of intentional cause. It is concluded that the indiscriminate use of acetaminophen and consequent intoxication represent a major concern for public health.