Neuropsychological Aspects, Drug Use and Traits of Psychopathy in Homicidal Teenagers: a Mixed Explanatory Approach
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18316/sdh.v12i2.10802Palabras clave:
Executive function, Impulsivity, Anger, ViolenceResumen
Introduction: The phenomenon of the adolescent in conflict with the law (ACL) affects everyone who engages in interpersonal violence. Objectives: To understand neuropsychological aspects of executive functions (EFs), impulsivity, anger, drug use (UD), psychopathy traits (TP), and beliefs about the concept of violence were assessed in n=15 juvenile homicide offenders. Method: A mixed-explanatory approach with multiple cases and instruments was used: Wisconsin Card Classification (WSCT), Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI), Barrat Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R), questionnaire and neuropsychological protocol; and categorized representations from PCL-R interview notes. Results: Quantitative data showed that drug use in the month of the offense occurred in 73.3% of cases. First use began at 13.2 (SD=2.8; 7-18) for alcohol and 13.6 (SD=2.1; 9-17) for marijuana. With perseverative (M=29.9; SD=13.2), impulsivity (M=76.4; SD=4.8), and anger (m=21.7; SD=8.3) with borderline IQ. These data, higher than standardized scores, suggest deficits in EF, increased impulsivity, anger, and TP, with early drug use. Conclusion: Results contributing to the understanding of the concept of violence focused more on actions than on reflection on the interpersonal consequences of violence. Then we understand the pathways like early exposure to work and drug use due to school failure and life precarity.
Citas
Cerqueira D, Ferreira H, Bueno S, Alves PP, Lima RS, Marques D, et al. Atlas da violência. Editora FBSP; 2021. 154 p.
Konrad K, Firk C, Uhlhaas PJ. Brain development during adolescence: neuroscientific insights into this developmental period. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2013; 110:425-431.
Moffitt TE. Innovations in Life-Course Crime Research - ASC Division of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology David P. Farrington Lecture, 2018. J Dev Life Course Criminol. 2020; 6: 251-255.
Brasil. Lei Nº 8.069, de 13 de julho de 1990. Dispõe sobre o Estatuto da Criança e do adolescente e dá outras providências. Diário Oficial da União. 1990 julho 16.
Brasil. Lei Nº 12.594, de 18 de janeiro de 2012. Institui o Sistema Nacional de Atendimento Socioeducativo. Diário Oficial da União. 2012 janeiro 19.
Diamond A. Executive functions. Annu Rev Dev Psychol. 2013; 64: 135-168.
Zelazo PD, Blair CB, Willoughby, MT. Executive function: implications for education. Washington: National Center for Education Research; 2017.
Prencipe A, Kesek A, Cohen J, Lamm C, Lewis MD, Zelazo PD. Development of hot and cool executive function during the transition to adolescence. J Exp Child Psychol. 2011; 108: 621-637.
Borrani J, Frías M, Ortiz X, García A, Valdez P. Analysis of cognitive inhibition and flexibility in juvenile delinquents. J Forensic Psychol Res Pract. 2015; 26: 60-77.
Vilà-Balló A, Cunillera T, Rostan C, Hdez-Lafuente P, Fuentemilla L, Rodríguez-Fornells A. Neurophysiological correlates of cognitive flexibility and feedback processing in violent juvenile offenders. Brain Research. 2015; 1610: 98-109.
Yoder J, Precht M. Victimization experiences and executive dysfunction as discriminating risk indicators for youth offender typologies. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol. 2020; 64: 63-82.
De Brito SA, Viding E, Kumari V, Blackwood N, Hodgins S. Cool and hot executive function impairments in violent offenders with antisocial personality disorder with and without psychopathy. PLoS One. 2013; 8: e65566.
Stepanyan ST, Natsuaki MN, Cheong y, Hastings PD, Zahn-Waxler C, Klimes-Dougan B. Early pubertal maturation and externalizing behaviors: an examination of peer delinquency as a mediator and cognitive flexibility as a moderator. Adolescents. 2020; 84: 45-55.
Fine A, Steinberg L, Frick PJ, Cauffman E. Self-control assessments and implications for predicting adolescent offending. J Youth Adolescence. 2016; 45: 701-712.
Miura H, Fuchigami Y. Impaired executive function in 14 - to 16-year-old boys with conduct disorder is related to recidivism: a prospective longitudinal study. Crim Behav Ment Health. 2017; 27: 136-145.
Vilà-Balló A, Hdez-Lafuente P, Rostan C, Cunillera T, Rodriguez-Fornells, A. Neurophysiological correlates of error monitoring and inhibitory processing in juvenile violent offenders. Biological psychology. 2014; 102: 141-152.
Wilhelm AR, Fortes PM, Czermainski FR, Rates ASA, de Almeida RMM. Neuropsychological and behavioral assessment of impulsivity in adolescents: a systematic review. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2016; 38: 128-135.
Czermainski FR, Wilhelm RA, Santos AZ, Pachado MP, de Almeida RMM. Assessment of inhibitory control in the crack and/or cocaine users: a systematic review. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2017; 39: 216-225.
Joyal CC, Tardif M, Spearson-Goulet J. Executive Functions and Social Cognition in Juveniles Who Have Sexually Offended. Sex Abuse. 2020; 32: 179-202.
Tang D, Schmeichel DJ. Stopping anger and anxiety: evidence that inhibitory ability predicts negative emotional responding. Cogn Emot. 2014; 28: 132-142.
Zhou J, Witt K, Zhang Y, Chen C, Qiu C, Cao L et al. Anxiety, depression, impulsivity and substance misuse in violent and non-violent adolescent boys in detention in China. Psychiatry Research. 2014; 2016: 379-384.
Meijers J, Harte J, Meynen G, Cuijpers P. Differences in executive functioning between violent and non-violent offenders. Psychological Medicine. 2017; 47: 1784-1793.
Seruca T, Silva CF. Recidivist criminal behavior and executive functions: A comparative study. J Forens Psychiatry Psychol. 2015; 26: 699-717.
Maurer JM, Steele VR, Cope LM, Vincent GM, Stephen JM, Calhoun VD et al. Dysfunctional error-related processing in incarcerated youth with elevated psychopathic traits. Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2016; 19: 70-77.
Cohn MD, Pape LE, Schmaal L, Van den Brink W, Van Wingen G, Vermeiren RR, et al. Differential relations between juvenile psychopathic traits and resting state network connectivity. Apert Neuro. 2015; 36: 2396-2405.
De Barros DM, Dias AM, Serafim AP, Castellana GB, Achá MF, Busatto GF. Dimensional assessment of psychopathy and its relationship with physiological responses to empathic images in juvenile offenders. Front Psychiatry. 2013; 4.
Castellana GB. Comparison of psychopathic traits among young offenders and non-offenders [dissertation]. São Paulo: Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; 2014.
Achá MFF. Executive functioning and psychopathic traits in young offenders [dissertation]. São Paulo: Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; 2011.
Pechorro P, Nunes C, Jiménez L, Hidalgo V. Incarcerated youths with high or low callous–unemotional traits: A comparison controlling for age of crime onset. J Forensic Psychol Res Pract. 2015; 26: 78-93.
Pechorro P, Gonçalves RA, Maroco J, Gama AP, Neves S, Nunes C. Juvenile delinquency and psychopathic traits: an empirical study with Portuguese adolescents. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol. 2014; 58: 174-189.
Cope LM, Ermer E, Nyalakanti PK, Calhoun VD, Kiehl KA. Paralimbic gray matter reductions in incarcerated adolescent females with psychopathic traits. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2014; 42: 659-668.
Ermer E, Cope LM, Nyalakanti PK, Calhoun VD, Kiehl KA. Aberrant paralimbic gray matter in incarcerated male adolescents with psychopathic traits. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2013; 52: 94-103.e3.
Cope LM, Ermer E, Gaudet LM, Steele VR, Eckhardt AL, Arbabshirani, MR, et al. Abnormal brain structure in youth who commit homicide. Neuroimage Clin. 2014; 4: 800-807.
Aghajani M, Collins OF, Klapwijk ET, Veer IM, Andershed H, Popma A, et al. Dissociable relations between amygdala subregional networks and psychopathy trait dimensions in conduct-disordered juvenile offenders. Apert Neuro. 2016; 37: 4017-4033.
Thijssen S, Kiehl KA. Functional connectivity in incarcerated male adolescents with psychopathic traits. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging. 2017; 265: 35-44.
Maurer JM, Steele VR, Vincent GM, Rao V, Calhoun VD, Kiehl KA. Adolescent Psychopathic Traits Negatively Relate to Hemodynamic Activity within the Basal Ganglia during Error-Related Processing. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2019; 47: 1917-1929.
Vahl P, Colins OF, Lodewijks HP, Lindauer R, Markus MT, Doreleijers TA, et al. Psychopathic traits and maltreatment: Relations with aggression and mental health problems in detained boys. Int J Law Psychiatry. 2016; 46: 129-136.
Kelly EL, Novaco RW, Cauffman E. Anger and depression among incarcerated male youth: Predictors of violent and nonviolent offending during adjustment to incarceration. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2019; 87: 693-705.
Hornsveld RHJ, Zwets AJ, Leenaars EPEM, Kraaimaat FW, Bout R, Lagro-Janssen TALM, et al. Violent female offenders compared with violent male offenders on psychological determinants of aggressive behavior. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol. 2018; 62: 450-467.
Aghajani M, Klapwijk ET, Andershed H, Fanti KA, Van der Wee NJA, Vermeiren RRJM, et al. Neural processing of socioemotional content in conduct-disordered juvenile offenders with limited prosocial emotions. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2021; 105: 110045.
Feilhauer J, Cima M, Korebrits A, Kunert HJ. Differential associations between psychopathy dimensions, types of aggression, and response inhibition. Aggress Behav. 2012; 38: 77-88.
Llorca Mestre A, Malonda E, Samper-García P. Depression and aggressive behavior in adolescent offenders and non-offenders. Psicothema. 2017; 29: 197-203.
Urben S, Stáphan P, Habersaat S, Francescotti E, Fegert JM, Schmeck K, et al. Examination of the importance of age of onset, callous-unemotional traits, and anger dysregulation in youths with antisocial behaviors. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2017; 26: 87-97.
Gupta A, Biddala OS, Dwivedi M, Variar P, Singh A, Sen S, et al. Sociodemographic characteristics, and aggression quotient among children in conflict with the law in India: A case-control study. Natl Med J India. 2015; 28: 172-175.
Ellingson JM, Bidwell LC, Hopfer CJ, Hutchison KE, Bryan AD. Correlates and Potential Confounds of Cannabis Withdrawal Among High-Risk Adolescents. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2019; 80: 557–562.
Vega-Cauich JI, Zumárraga-García FM. Variables asociadas al inicio y consumo actual de sustancias en adolescentes en conflicto con la ley. Anuario de Psicología Jurídica. 2019; 29: 21-29.
Aebi M, Bessler C, Steinhausen HC. A Cumulative Substance Use Score as a Novel Measure to Predict Risk of Criminal Recidivism in Forensic Juvenile Male Outpatients. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2021; 52: 30-40.
Bono EL. Adolescents in conflict with the law: relationships between criminal behavior and the use of psychoactive substances [dissertation]. Ribeirão Preto: Faculdade de filosofia, ciências e letras, Universidade Federal de São Paulo; 2015.
Al-Kassab-Córdoba A, Cornejo-Venegas G, Gacharna-Madrigal N, Baquedano-Rojas C, De La Borda-Prazak, et al. Factors associated with frequent marijuana consumption in young people before admission to juvenile detention centers in Peru. Adicciones. 2021; 0: 1506.
Docherty M, Boxer P, Huesmann LR, O’Brien M, Bushman BJ. Exploring Primary and Secondary Variants of Psychopathy in Adolescents in Detention and the Community. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2016; 53: 564–578.
Zachrison L, Ruchkin V, Stickley A, Koposov R. Inhalant Use and Mental Health Problems in Russian Juvenile Delinquents. Substance use & misuse. 2017; 52: 1616–1623.
Creswell JW. Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and Mixed Methods. Porto Alegre: Penso; 2021.
Yin RK. Case study: planning and Methods. Porto Alegre: Bookman; 2015.
Carlini EL, De Noto AR, Sanchez ZVDM, Carlini CMA, Locatelli DP, Moura, YG, et al. VI Consumption of Psychotropic Drugs among Elementary and Secondary School Students of the Public and Private Education Networks in the 27 Brazilian Capitals. São Paulo: CEBRID – Brazilian Information Center; 2010.
Brazilian Association of Research Companies-ABEP. Economic classification criterion Brazil. 2021. Available from: https://www.abep.org/criterio-brasil
Von Diemen L. Association between impulsivity, age at first alcohol consumption and psychoactive Substance abuse in adolescents from a southern region of Brazil [dissertation]. Porto Alegre/RS: Faculdade de Medicina; 2006.
Spielberger CD, Biaggio A. STXI Handbook. São Paulo: Vetor; 1992/2003.
Hare RD. Handbook of the Hare PCL-R Scale: Criteria for Scoring Psychopathy - Revised/ Robert D. Hare. São Paulo: Casa do Psicólogo; 2011.
Heaton RK, Chelune GJ, Talley JL, Kay GG, Curtiss G. Teste Wisconsin de Classificação de Cartas: manual. São Paulo: Casa do Psicólogo; 2005.
Lezak MD, Howieson D, Bigler E, Tranel D. Neuropsychological Assessment. Oxford University Press; 2012. 1576 p.
Strauss E, Sherman EMS, Spreen O. A Compendium of Neuropsychological Tests: Administration, Norms, and Commentary. Oxford University Press; 2006.
Mesulam MM. Principles of behavioral and cognitive neurology. New York: Oxford University Press; 2000.
Wechsler D. Handbook for Administration and Evaluation-WAIS-III. São Paulo: Pearson; 2004.
Wechsler D. Abbreviated Intelligence Scale-Wasi: Manual/ David Wechsler; Brazilian Adaptation by Clarissa Marceli Trentini, Denise Balem Yates, Vanessa Stumpf Heck. São Paulo: Pearson Clinical Brazil; 2014.
The jamovi project. jamovi. (Version 2.3) [Computer Software]. 2022. Retrieved from https://www.jamovi.org
Flick U. Quality in qualitative research (R. C. Costa, Trans.). Porto Alegre: Artmed; 2009.
Willhelm AR, Pereira AS, Czermainski FR, Nogueira M, Levandowski DG, Volpato RB, et al. Aggressiveness, Impulsiveness, and Use of Alcohol and Drugs: Understanding Adolescence in Different Contexts. Trends in Psychol. 2020; 28: 381-398.
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2024 Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
Los autores que presenten sus manuscritos para su publicación en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
Autores conservan los derechos de autor y conceden el derecho de diario de la primera publicación de la obra a la vez bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-que permite compartir el trabajo con el reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
En virtud de los artículos que aparecen en esta revista de acceso abierto, los artículos son de uso gratuito, con la debida atribución, en el educativo y no comercial.
