Efeitos do Exercício Físico na Resposta da Interleucina-6 Durante o Tratamento da Síndrome Metabólica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18316/sdh.v10i3.9029Palabras clave:
Inflamação, Exercício Físico, Obesidade, Doenças Crônicas Não-transmissíveis, SaúdeResumen
Introdução: Os componentes que caracterizam a síndrome metabólica (SM) envolvem complicações decorrentes do estado infl amatório subclínico, principalmente quando combinado ao sedentarismo e excesso na ingestão de nutrientes. Entretanto, aumento no nível de atividade física pode prevenir a incidência de SM. Objetivo: Compreender a infl uência do exercício físico no tratamento da SM associado aos níveis de interleucina-6 (IL-6). Materiais e Métodos: A revisão narrativa foi construída com 36 referencias obtidas pela interação das palavras-chave síndrome metabólica, IL-6, atividade física e exercício físico na plataforma PUBMED, considerando apenas estudos em inglês realizados com seres humanos. Resultados e Discussão: Os níveis plasmáticos de IL-6 diminuem após intervenções que propuseram aumento signifi cativo do nível de atividade física, principalmente através de exercício aeróbio de moderada intensidade combinado com o treinamento resistido. Além disso, o exercício físico promove a redução da infl amação, adiposidade central, triglicérides, pressão arterial sistólica e lipoproteína de baixa densidade, além de aumentar os níveis de lipoproteína de alta intensidade, o que colabora com o controle da SM. Considerações Finais: A liberação local de IL-6 pelo músculo esquelético contribui com a redução da infl amação subclínica da SM, sobretudo nas intervenções que aliaram o exercício junto a estratégias de controle nutricional.
Citas
Mottillo S, Filion KB, Genest J, Joseph L, Pilote L, Poirier P, et al. The metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;56(14):1113-32.
Zafar U, Khaliq S, Ahmad HU, Manzoor S, Lone KP. Metabolic syndrome: an update on diagnostic criteria, pathogenesis, and genetic links. Hormones (Athens). 2018.
Esposito K, Marfella R, Ciotola M, Di Palo C, Giugliano F, Giugliano G, et al. Effect of a mediterranean-style diet on endothelial dysfunction and markers of vascular inflammation in the metabolic syndrome: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2004;292(12):1440-6.
Alberti KG, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ, Cleeman JI, Donato KA, et al. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation. 2009;120(16):1640-5.
Pedersen BK. Anti-inflammatory effects of exercise: role in diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Eur J Clin Invest. 2017;47(8):600-11.
Stensvold D, Slørdahl SA, Wisløff U. Effect of exercise training on inflammation status among people with metabolic syndrome. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2012;10(4):267-72.
Wedell-Neergaard AS, Krogh-Madsen R, Petersen GL, Hansen Ã…, Pedersen BK, Lund R, et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness and the metabolic syndrome: Roles of inflammation and abdominal obesity. PLoS One. 2018;13(3):e0194991.
Kubrusly M, Oliveira CM, Simões PS, Lima ReO, Galdino PN, Sousa PeA, et al. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to NCEP-ATP III and IDF criteria in patients on hemodialysis. J Bras Nefrol. 2015;37(1):72-8.
Ohno Y, Miyazaki T, Sato M, Araki R, Takahashi S, Takenaka T, et al. Lifestyle modifications supported by regional health nurses lowered insulin resistance, oxidative stress and central blood pressure in subjects with metabolic syndrome. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2015;9(6):584-91.
Rico-Martín S, Calderón-García JF, Sánchez-Rey P, Franco-Antonio C, Martínez Alvarez M, Sánchez Muñoz-Torrero JF. Effectiveness of body roundness index in predicting metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2020;21(7):e13023.
Semnani-Azad Z, Khan TA, Blanco Mejia S, de Souza RJ, Leiter LA, Kendall CWC, et al. Association of Major Food Sources of Fructose-Containing Sugars With Incident Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e209993.
Zhang D, Liu X, Liu Y, Sun X, Wang B, Ren Y, et al. Leisure-time physical activity and incident metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies. Metabolism. 2017;75:36-44.
Lee SH, Tak YJ, Yi YH, Lee SY, Cho YH, Lee JG, et al. Correlations between obesity indices and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese subgroups in women with severe obesity: A multicenter, cross-sectional study. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2017;11(2):167-76.
Kaur J. A comprehensive review on metabolic syndrome. Cardiol Res Pract. 2014;2014:943162.
Pi-Sunyer FX. The relation of adipose tissue to cardiometabolic risk. Clin Cornerstone. 2006;8 Suppl 4:S14-23.
Golzarand M, Toolabi K, Ebrahimi-Mameghani M, Aliasgarzadeh A, Arefhosseini S. Association between modifiable lifestyle factors and inflammatory markers in patients with metabolic syndrome. East Mediterr Health J. 2012;18(7):735-41.
Huang PL. A comprehensive definition for metabolic syndrome. Dis Model Mech. 2009;2(5-6):231-7.
Fuentes GC, Castañer O, Warnberg J, Subirana I, Buil-Cosiales P, Salas-Salvadó J, et al. Prospective association of physical activity and inflammatory biomarkers in older adults from the PREDIMED-Plus study with overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome. Clin Nutr. 2020;39(10):3092-8.
Miller GD, Isom S, Morgan TM, Vitolins MZ, Blackwell C, Brosnihan KB, et al. Effects of a community-based weight loss intervention on adipose tissue circulating factors. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2014;8(4):205-11.
Brandt C, Pedersen BK. The role of exercise-induced myokines in muscle homeostasis and the defense against chronic diseases. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2010;2010:520258.
Pedersen BK, Saltin B. Exercise as medicine - evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2015;25 Suppl 3:1-72.
Yu Z, Ye X, Wang J, Qi Q, Franco OH, Rennie KL, et al. Associations of physical activity with inflammatory factors, adipocytokines, and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older chinese people. Circulation. 2009;119(23):2969-77.
Agostinis-Sobrinho CA, Ruiz JR, Moreira C, Abreu S, Luís L, Oliveira-Santos J, et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness and inflammatory profile on cardiometabolic risk in adolescents from the LabMed Physical Activity Study. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2017;117(11):2271-9.
Duong TV, Wu PY, Yang E, Lin YF, Chiou HY, Yang SH. Associations of Waist Circumference, Socioeconomic, Environmental, and Behavioral Factors with Chronic Kidney Disease in Normal Weight, Overweight, and Obese People. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(24).
Kazaz ?, Angin E, Kabaran S, ?yigün G, Kirmizigil B, Malkoç M. Evaluation of the physical activity level, nutrition quality, and depression in patients with metabolic syndrome: Comparative study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(18):e0485.
Pitsavos C, Panagiotakos DB, Chrysohoou C, Kavouras S, Stefanadis C. The associations between physical activity, inflammation, and coagulation markers, in people with metabolic syndrome: the ATTICA study. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2005;12(2):151-8.
Pedersen BK. Exercise-induced myokines and their role in chronic diseases. Brain Behav Immun. 2011;25(5):811-6.
Celestrin CP, Rocha GZ, Stein AM, Guadagnini D, Tadelle RM, Saad MJA, et al. Effects of a four week detraining period on physical, metabolic, and inflammatory profiles of elderly women who regularly participate in a program of strength training. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act. 2020;17:12.
Turi BC, Codogno JS, Fernandes RA, Monteiro HL. Low levels of physical activity and metabolic syndrome: cross-sectional study in the Brazilian public health system. Cien Saude Colet. 2016;21(4):1043-50.
Petersen AM, Pedersen BK. The role of IL-6 in mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2006;57 Suppl 10:43-51.
Wannamethee SG, Whincup PH, Rumley A, Lowe GD. Inter-relationships of interleukin-6, cardiovascular risk factors and the metabolic syndrome among older men. J Thromb Haemost. 2007;5(8):1637-43.
Villareal DT, Miller BV, Banks M, Fontana L, Sinacore DR, Klein S. Effect of lifestyle intervention on metabolic coronary heart disease risk factors in obese older adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;84(6):1317-23.
Wang CH, Chung MH, Chan P, Tsai JC, Chen FC. Effects of endurance exercise training on risk components for metabolic syndrome, interleukin-6, and the exercise capacity of postmenopausal women. Geriatr Nurs. 2014;35(3):212-8.
Diekmann C, Huber H, Preuß M, Preuß P, Predel HG, Stoffel-Wagner B, et al. Moderate Postmeal Walking Has No Beneficial Effects Over Resting on Postprandial Lipemia, Glycemia, Insulinemia, and Selected Oxidative and Inflammatory Parameters in Older Adults with a Cardiovascular Disease Risk Phenotype: A Randomized Crossover Trial. J Nutr. 2019;149(11):1930-41.
Beckie TM, Beckstead JW, Groer MW. The influence of cardiac rehabilitation on inflammation and metabolic syndrome in women with coronary heart disease. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2010;25(1):52-60.
Dutheil F, Lesourd B, Courteix D, Chapier R, Doré E, Lac G. Blood lipids and adipokines concentrations during a 6-month nutritional and physical activity intervention for metabolic syndrome treatment. Lipids Health Dis. 2010;9:148.
Vinet A, Obert P, Courteix D, Chapier R, Lesourd B, Verney J, et al. Different modalities of exercise improve macrovascular function but not microvascular function in metabolic syndrome: The RESOLVE randomized trial. Int J Cardiol. 2018;267:165-70.
Platat C, Wagner A, Klumpp T, Schweitzer B, Simon C. Relationships of physical activity with metabolic syndrome features and low-grade inflammation in adolescents. Diabetologia. 2006;49(9):2078-85.
González M, del Mar Bibiloni M, Pons A, Llompart I, Tur JA. Inflammatory markers and metabolic syndrome among adolescents. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2012;66(10):1141-5.
Pereira GB, Tibana RA, Navalta J, Sousa NM, Córdova C, Souza VC, et al. Acute effects of resistance training on cytokines and osteoprotegerin in women with metabolic syndrome. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2013;33(2):122-30.
Balducci S, Zanuso S, Nicolucci A, Fernando F, Cavallo S, Cardelli P, et al. Anti-inflammatory effect of exercise training in subjects with type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome is dependent on exercise modalities and independent of weight loss. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2010;20(8):608-17.
Golbidi S, Laher I. Exercise induced adipokine changes and the metabolic syndrome. J Diabetes Res. 2014;2014:726861.
Vaccari CS, Rahman ST, Khan QA, Cheema FA, Khan BV. Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy on levels of inflammatory markers in response to exercise-induced stress: studies in the metabolic syndrome. J Cardiometab Syndr. 2008;3(1):12-7.
Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA, Nindl BC. Recovery responses of testosterone, growth hormone, and IGF-1 after resistance exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2017;122(3):549-58.
Ostrowski K, Rohde T, Asp S, Schjerling P, Pedersen BK. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine balance in strenuous exercise in humans. J Physiol. 1999;515 ( Pt 1):287-91.
Silveira Martins M, Boufleur Farinha J, Basso Benetti C, Alves Courtes A, Duarte T, Nunes da Silva JC, et al. POSITIVE EFFECTS OF RESISTANCE TRAINING ON INFLAMMATORY PARAMETERS IN MEN WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME RISK FACTORS. Nutr Hosp. 2015;32(2):792-8.
Alizaei Yousefabadi H, Niyazi A, Alaee S, Fathi M, Mohammad Rahimi GR. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Exercise on Metabolic Syndrome Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biol Res Nurs. 2021;23(2):280-92.
Gyorkos A, Baker MH, Miutz LN, Lown DA, Jones MA, Houghton-Rahrig LD. Carbohydrate-restricted Diet and High-intensity Interval Training Exercise Improve Cardio-metabolic and Inflammatory Profiles in Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Crossover Trial. Cureus. 2019;11(9):e5596.
Khalafi M, Symonds ME. The impact of high-intensity interval training on inflammatory markers in metabolic disorders: A meta-analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2020.
Hayashino Y, Jackson JL, Hirata T, Fukumori N, Nakamura F, Fukuhara S, et al. Effects of exercise on C-reactive protein, inflammatory cytokine and adipokine in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Metabolism. 2014;63(3):431-40.
Tibana RA, Nascimento DaC, de Sousa NM, de Souza VC, Durigan J, Vieira A, et al. Enhancing of women functional status with metabolic syndrome by cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of combined aerobic and resistance training. PLoS One. 2014;9(11):e110160.
Ruderman NB, Keller C, Richard AM, Saha AK, Luo Z, Xiang X, et al. Interleukin-6 regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase. Potential role in the systemic response to exercise and prevention of the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes. 2006;55 Suppl 2:S48-54.
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Los autores que presenten sus manuscritos para su publicación en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
Autores conservan los derechos de autor y conceden el derecho de diario de la primera publicación de la obra a la vez bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-que permite compartir el trabajo con el reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
En virtud de los artículos que aparecen en esta revista de acceso abierto, los artículos son de uso gratuito, con la debida atribución, en el educativo y no comercial.
