Qualidade do Ar na Cidade de Madrid – Quais as Possíveis Mudanças?

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18316/dilogo.v1i56.11578

Keywords:

Air Quality, Madrid, Sustainability, Public Transportation

Abstract

Currently, air pollution is one of the biggest environmental problems worldwide, largely due to its implications for the deterioration of human health, especially in urban areas. In this investigation we will focus on the case study of the city of Madrid, given that the Spanish capital is considered one of the European capitals with the worst values ​​in terms of air quality. In this way, we carried out a collection of data and bibliography that will allow us to draw some conclusions and list the main reasons why the Spanish capital has these values, emphasizing above all the importance of public transport. We will also present examples of measures that have been implemented, with a view to providing an improvement in the quality of life of Madrid citizens.

References

AGÊNCIA EUROPEIA DO MEIO AMBIENTE. 2020. Disponível em: https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/healthy-environment-healthy-lives.

ARROYO, I.; FERNÁNDEZ-GARCIA, F. Consideraciones Sobre la Valoracion Educativa de la Confortabilidad Ambiental de la Ciudad. p. 67 – 84, 1992.

BRUNEKREEF, B.; HOLGATE, S. T. For personal use. Only reproduce with permission from The Lancet Publishing Group. The Lancet, 360, p. 1233 – 1242, 2002. Disponível em: http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/docum/pos_paper.pdf.

COLVILE, R. N.; HUTCHINSON, E. J.; MINDELL, J. S.; WARREN, R. F. The transport sector as a source of air pollution. 2001.

FERNÁNDEZ-GARCÍA, F. CLIMA Y CALIDAD AMBIENTAL EN LAS CIUDADES: PROPUESTA METODOLÓGICA Y SU APLICACIÓN AL ÁREA DE MADRID. 2001.

GALÁN LABACA, I.;,MARÍA SANZ, J.; ARÁNGUEZ RUIZ, E.; GANDARILLAS GRANDE, A. EFECTOS A CORTO PLAZO DE LA CONTAMINACIÓN ATMOSFÉRICA SOBRE LA MORTALIDAD: RESULTADOS DEL PROYECTO EMECAM EN EL MUNICIPIO DE MADRID, p. 1992 – 1995, 1999.

GARCÍA, F. F. Contaminación atmosférica y calidad del aire en Madrid: análisis de las concentraciones de SO2, CO, NO2; OZONO Y PM10 (1980-2003). Estudios Geográficos, LXVI, p. 507 – 532, 2005.

JING, Q. L.; LIU, H. Z.; YU, W. Q.; HE, X. The Impact of Public Transportation on Carbon Emissions—From the Perspective of Energy Consumption. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(10), 2022. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14106248.

LAMÍQUIZ DAUDÉN, P. J., CARPIO PINEDO, J.; BENITO MORENO, M. Genealogía de la ciudad de 15 minutos: aproximación a los conceptos. Cuadernos de Investigación Urbanística, 142, p. 29 – 39, 2022. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.20868/ciur.2022.142.4885.

LAÑA, I., DEL SER, J., PADRÓ, A., VÉLEZ, M.; CASANOVA-MATEO, C. The role of local urban traffic and meteorological conditions in air pollution: A data-based case study in Madrid, Spain. Atmospheric Environment, 145, p. 424 – 438, 2016. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.09.052.

LEBRUSÁN, I.; TOUTOUH, J. Car restriction policies for better urban health: a low emission zone in Madrid, Spain. Air Quality, Atmosphere and Health, 14(3), p. 333 – 342, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-020-00938-z

LINARES, C.; DÍAZ, J. Short-term effect of concentrations of fine particulate matter on hospital admissions due to cardiovascular and respiratory causes among the over-75 age group in Madrid, Spain. Public Health, 124(1), p. 28 – 36, 2010. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2009.11.007.

LINARES, C., DÍAZ, J., TOBÍAS, A., DE MIGUEL, J. M.; OTERO, A. Impact of urban air pollutants and noise levels over daily hospital admissions in children in Madrid: A time series analysis. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 79(2), p. 143 – 152, 2006. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-005-0032-0.

LINARES, C., FALCÓN, I., ORTIZ, C.; DÍAZ, J. An approach estimating the short-term effect of NO2 on daily mortality in Spanish cities. Environment International, 116, p. 18 – 28, 2018. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.04.002.

MEHTA, S., SHIN, H., BURNETT, R., NORTH, T.; COHEN, A. J. Ambient particulate air pollution and acute lower respiratory infections: A systematic review and implications for estimating the global burden of disease. Air Quality, Atmosphere and Health, 6(1), p. 69 – 83, 2013. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-011-0146-3.

MONZÓN, A.; GUERRERO, M. J. Valuation of social and health effects of transport-related air pollution in Madrid (Spain). Science of the Total Environment, 334–335, p. 427 – 434, 2004. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.04.069.

NESMACHNOW, S.; HERNÁNDEZ CALLEJO, L. (Eds.). Smart Cities (Vol. 1152). Springer International Publishing. 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38889-8.

ORGANIZAÇÃO MUNDIAL DA SAÚDE. 2021. Disponível em: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ambient-(outdoor)-air-quality-and-health

ORTIZ, C., LINARES, C., CARMONA, R.; DÍAZ, J. Evaluation of short-term mortality attributable to particulate matter pollution in Spain. Environmental Pollution, 224, p. 541 – 551, 2017. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.02.037.

PARAJULI, A.; POJANI, D. Barriers to the pedestrianization of city centres: perspectives from the global north and the global south. J. Urban Des. 23(1), p. 142 – 160, 2018.

PASTOR, P. B. Contaminación atmosférica y vulnerabilidad social en la ciudad de Madrid. 2022.

RIVAS, I., BASAGAÑA, X., CIRACH, M., LÓPEZ-VICENTE, M., SUADES-GONZÁLEZ, E., GARCIA-ESTEBAN, R., ÁLVAREZ-PEDREROL, M., DADVAND, P.; SUNYER, J. Association between early life exposure to air pollution and working memory and attention. Environmental Health Perspectives, 127(5), 2019. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3169.

SALAS, R., PEREZ-VILLADONIGA, M. J., PRIETO-RODRIGUEZ, J.; RUSSO, A. Were traffic restrictions in Madrid effective at reducing NO2 levels? Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 91, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102689.

SALVADOR, P.; BEGOÑA, A. Niveles, Composición y Fuentes de PM10 y PM2.5 en España: Aragón, Asturias, Castilla La Mancha, y Madrid. Instituto de Diagnóstico Ambiental y Estudios del Agua, IDÆA-CSIC CIEMAT Instituto de Salud Carlos III Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente S.D.G. de Calidad del Aire y Medio Ambiente Industrial, p. 94 – 133, 2012.

SIDDIQUE, S.; BANERJEE, M.; RAY, M. R.; LAHIRI, T. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children chronically exposed to high level of vehicular pollution. European Journal of Pediatrics, 170(7), p. 923 – 929, 2011. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-010-1379-0.

Sobkov´a, L.F., Certick` ˇ y, M. Urban mobility and influence factors: a case study of prague. WIT Trans. Built Environ. 176, p. 207 – 217, 2017.

SONI, N.; SONI, N. Benefits of pedestrianization and warrants to pedestrianize an area. Land Use Policy, 57, p. 139 – 150, 2016. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.05.009.

Steele, C. A critical review of some trac noise prediction models. 2001. Disponível em: www.elsevier.com/locate/apacoust.

TITOS, G., LYAMANI, H., DRINOVEC, L., OLMO, F. J., MOČNIK, G.; ALADOS-ARBOLEDAS, L. Evaluation of the impact of transportation changes on air quality. Atmospheric Environment, 114, p. 19 – 31, 2015. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.05.027.

VALVERDE, V.; PAY, M.T.; BALDASANO, J.M. O3 attributed to Madrid and Barcelona onroad transport emissions: characterization of plume dynamics over the Iberian Peninsula. Sci. Total Environ. 543, p. 670 – 682, 2016. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv. 2015.11.070.

WARD, S.V. What did the Germans ever do for us? A century of British learning about and imagining modern town planning. Plan. Perspect. 25(2), p. 117 – 140, 2010.

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Cities and urban health. 2018. Disponível em: https://www.who.int/sustainable-development/new/en/.

Downloads

Published

2025-03-07

Issue

No. 56 (2024)

Section

Articles

License

Authors who submit their manuscripts to be published in this journal agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License that allows the sharing of work and recognition of its initial publication in this journal.
  2. By virtue of the articles appearing in this open access journal, articles are free to use, with proper attribution, in educational and non-commercial.