INVESTIGAÇÃO DE ESTRATÉGIAS DE ELEGÂNCIA
RECLAMAÇÕES EM AMBIENTES ONLINE - UM ESTUDO INTERCULTURAL DE TURCO E INGLÊS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18316/rcd.v17i45.12420Palavras-chave:
Estratégias de polidez, reclamações, inglês, turco, comparação intercultural, ELTResumo
Polidez é uma estratégia que funciona para mostrar respeito ao interlocutor, bem como para expressar certas intenções sem violar diretamente as normas de polidez. No contexto de reclamações, estratégias de polidez são usadas para formar certas construções de significado pretendidas pelos clientes. Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar os tipos de reclamações e estratégias de polidez usadas por falantes de inglês e turco na Internet. Este estudo emprega um design de pesquisa qualitativa com uma abordagem de interpretação de dados na forma de declarações escritas. As fontes de dados são frases e sentenças em turco e inglês. Os dados foram coletados de dois sites projetados para reclamações em inglês e reclamações em turco. A técnica de coleta de dados foi por meio de entradas de dados de corpus com a limitação de critérios de empresas de roupas, eletrodomésticos e bebidas. O número de dados selecionados para o corpus de dados foi de 100 reclamações de cada site. Os dados foram analisados identificando os tipos de estratégias de polidez e tipos de reclamações que emergiram da fala usada pelos reclamantes em inglês e turco. Os dados classificados são então interpretados no contexto de baixa e alta cultura, e as descobertas são apresentadas na forma de diferenças no uso de estratégias por clientes ingleses e turcos. Os resultados da análise e interpretação dos dados mostram diferenças significativas entre clientes que falam inglês e clientes que falam turco no uso de estratégias de polidez para fazer reclamações. Essas diferenças contrastantes são fortemente influenciadas por fatores culturais e pela cultura dos falantes de uma língua. Investigações posteriores foram realizadas em discussão e a importância das estratégias de polidez no contexto do ensino da língua inglesa foi explicada.
Referências
Adel, S. M. R., Davoudi, M., & Ramezanzadeh, A. (2016). A qualitative study of politeness strategies used by Iranian EFL learners in a class blog. Iranian Journal of Language Teaching Research, 4(1), 47-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30466/IJLTR.2016.20377
Al-Khawaldeh, N. (2016). A pragmatic cross-cultural study of complaints expressions in Jordan and England. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, 5(5), 197-207. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575//aiac.ijalel.v.5n.5p.197
Androutsopoulos, J. (2008). Potentials and limitations of discourse-centred online ethnography. Language@internet, 5(8). Retrieved from https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/li/article/view/37571
Arif, N., Iskandar, I., Muliati, A., & Patak, A. A. (2018). Male and female lecturers’s politeness strategies in EFL classroom. International Journal of Humanities and Innovation (IJHI), 1(2), 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33750/ijhi.v1i2.11
Astia, I. (2020). Politeness Strategy in Interlanguage Pragmatics of Complaints by International Students. Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, 4(2), 349-362. http://dx.doi.org/10.21093/ijeltal.v4i2.528
Austin, J. L. (1962). How to do things with words. Oxford University Press.
Banguis, J., Divino, P. F., Syting, C. J. O., & Maintang, K. C. (2023). Students’ e-complaints on the Promises and Pitfalls of Blended Learning: A Socio-Pragmatic Analysis. Journal Corner of Education Linguistics and Literature, 3(2), 205–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.54012/jcell.v3i2.225
Barrere, L. L. (2017). Face and linguistic politeness in online complaints: an analysis under the pragmatic bias. Entrepalavras, 7(1), 383-405. http://dx.doi.org/10.22168/2237-6321.7.7.1.383-405
Brown, P., & Levinson, S. (1987). Politeness: Some universals of language use. Cambridge University Press.
Chomsky, N. (1980). Rules and representations. Columbia University Press.
Complaintsboard. (n.d.). https://www.complaintsboard.com/about/
Creswell, J. W. (1994). Research design: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. SAGE Publications.
Crystal, D. & Robins, R. H. (2021). Language. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/language
Daar, G. F., Beratha, N. L. S., Suastra, I. M., & Sukarini, N. W. (2023). The off-record politeness strategy and cultural values of the Belis negotiation speech event: A Sociopragmatic study. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 12(3), 626-636. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v12i3.48746
Demirezen, M. (1991). Pragmatics and language teaching. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 6, 281-287.
Dörnyei, Z. (2007). Research methods in applied linguistics: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methodologies. Oxford University Press.
Essau, C. A., & Keval, H. C. (2011). Cross-cultural research. In Encyclopedia of child behavior and development. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79061-9
Etae, S., Krish, P., & Hussin, S. (2017). Analyzing politeness strategies in an online platform for Thai EFL learners. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 12(2), 259-271.
Evason, N. (2016a). Australian culture. Cultural Atlas. https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/australian-culture/australian-culture-communication#australian-culture-communication
Evason, N. (2016b). American culture. Cultural Atlas. https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/american-culture/american-culture-communication#american-culture-communication
Evason, N. (2019). Turkish culture. Cultural Atlas. https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/turkish-culture/turkish-culture-communication
Evason, N. (2020) British culture. Cultural Atlas. https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/british-culture/british-culture-communication#british-culture-communication
Fakhrozy, A. (2019). Politeness In Interlanguage Pragmatic Of Complaints By Indonesian EFL Learners In English Language Education Of Universitas Brawijaya (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Brawijaya).
Frank, J. (2013). Raising cultural awareness in the English language classroom. English Teaching Forum, 51(4), 2-11.
Fromkin, V., Rodman, R., & Hyams, N. (2003). An introduction to language. Cengage Learning.
Georgalou, M. (2010). Pathfinding discourses of self in social network sites. In R. Taiwo (Ed.), Handbook of research on discourse behavior and digital communication: Language structures and social interaction (pp. 39-65). IGI Global.
Hall, E. T. (1976). Beyond culture. Anchor Press.
Heath, M. (2021). No need to yell: A prosodic analysis of writing in all caps. Proceedings of the 44th Annual Penn Linguistics Conference. https://repository.upenn.edu/handle/20.500.14332/45306
Junita, J. (2020). The use of politeness strategies in WhatsApp discussions about sensitive topics. Journal of English Language and Culture, 11(1), 52-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30813/jelc.v11i1.2340
Kachru, B. (1992). The other tongue: English across cultures (2nd edition). University of Illinois Press.
Kaur, K., Suppiah, P.C., Arumugam, N., & Idham, M. (2022). Politeness and negotiation strategies in handling customers: Conflict-resolution. International Journal of Academic Research in Business & Social Sciences, 12(8), 1002-1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v12-i8/14669
Khamkhien, A. (2022). Speech acts or speech act sets of refusals: some evidence from Thai L2 learners. Novitas-ROYAL (Research on Youth and Language), 16(1), 97-121.
Knehtl, U. (2019). Politeness in Online Discussion Forums: a Comparison Between English and Slovenian (Doctoral dissertation, Univerza v Mariboru, Filozofska fakulteta).
Konakahara, M. (2017). Interactional management of face-threatening acts in casual ELF conversation: an analysis of third-party complaint sequences. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, 6(2), 313-343. https://doi.org/10.1515/jelf-2017-0015
Kozlova, I. (2004). Can you complain? Cross-cultural comparison of indirect complaints in Russian and American English. Prospect, 19(1), 84-105.
Leedy, P., & Ormrod, J. (2001). Practical research: Planning and design (7th ed.). Merrill Prentice Hall.
Marocchini, E. (2017). Politeness strategies in complaints in Italian: A study of IFL learners and Italian native speakers. EuroAmerican Journal of Applied Linguistics and Languages, 4(2), 75-96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21283/2376905X.7.98
Maros, M., & Rosli, L. (2017). Politeness strategies in Twitter updates of female English language studies Malaysian undergraduates. 3L: Language, Linguistics, Literature® The Southest Asian Journal of English Language Studies, 23(1), 132-149. http://doi.org/10.17576/3L-2017-2301-10
Masjedi, N., & Paramasivam, S. (2018). Complaint and politeness strategies used by Iranian speakers of English. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, 7(4), 38-49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.3p.38
Nham, N. T., Cai, X., & Wannaruk, A. (2023). Rhetorical structure and politeness strategies in complaint letters used by international students in a Thai ELF context. 3L-Language Linguistics Literature-The Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies, 28(4), 67-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/3L-2022-2804-05
Nuraini, (2021). Universality of Brown and Levinson politeness theory in collective culture: Redefining power in concept of face. EJI (English Journal of Indragiri): Studies in Education, Literature, and Linguistics, 5(1), 68-80. https://doi.org/10.32520/eji.v5i1.1313
Öztürk, B. & Aytan, T. (2023). Complaint speech acts used by learners of Turkish as a foreign language. Turkophone, 10(3), 227-249. https://doi.org/10.55246/turkophone.1301708
Park, J. (2001). Korean EFL Learners’ Politeness Strategies in Their Complaints. The Linguistic Association of Korea Journal, 9(1), 185-209.
Pinay-an, M. E., & Buslon, J. B. (2019). Politeness strategies in restaurant reviews on Tripadvisor. Sci. Int. (Lahore), 31(3), 555-559.
Politeness. (n.d.). Cambrdige Dictionary. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/politeness_2
Ramli, N. S., Ahmad, U. K., Mustafa, H. R., Puteh, F., Rahman, S. A., Azizan, A. R., Sharif, N. M., & Busri, R. D. (2019). Politeness strategies used in asynchronous online forum. International Conference on E-Learning Proceeding, 29-40.
Ranalan, R. S. (2018). Linguistic politeness in online discussion boards: Anime fandom as virtual speech communities. Linguistics and the Human Sciences, 14.1(2), 99-122. https://doi.org/10.1558/lhs.34949
Sapitri, P. A., Chasanah, A., Putri, A. A., & Paulima, J. (2019). Exploring Brown and Levinson's Politeness Strategies: An Explanation on the Nature of the Politeness Phenomenon. REiLA: Journal of Research and Innovation in Language, 1(3), 111-117. https://doi.org/10.31849/reila.v1i3.3801
Saputra, N., Lubis, T., & Setiawan, F. (2021). Politeness strategies for the speech acts of Indonesian language education students in pidie regency. Tradition and Modernity of Humanity, 1(1), 33-40. https://doi.org/10.32734/tmh.v1i1.7185
Seidlhofer, B. (2005). English as a lingua franca. Oxford.
Sikayetvar. (n.d.). https://www.sikayetvar.com/
Sultana, F. (2024). Determinants of teachers’ professional skills development in the private universities of Bangladesh. International Journal of Education Technology and Science, 4(4), 2175-2183. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14221163
Thongtong, T. (2022). Complaint responses in business emails: An interlanguage pragmatic study of Thai EFL learners. Education Quarterly Reviews, 5(3), 309-324. 10.31014/aior.1993.05.03.547
Trisnawati, W. & Fussalam, Y.E. (2020). Politeness strategies of students in communication by whatsapp. Journal of Language Education Development, 2(2), 306-313. http://dx.doi.org/10.52060/jled.v2i2.285
Trosborg, A. (1995). Interlanguage pragmatics: request, complaints, apologies. Mouton de Gruyter.
Turkan, S. & Çelik, S. (2007). Integrating culture into EFL texts and classrooms: suggested lesson plans. Novitas-ROYAL (Research on Youth and Language), 1(1), 18-33.
Weber, R. P. (1990). Basic content analysis (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. [Electronic version]. http://wrt303sp08.files.wordpress.com/2008/01/weber_content-analysis.pdf
Wijayanto, A., Laila, M., Prasetyarini, A., & Susiati, S. (2013). Politeness in ınterlanguage pragmatics of complaints by Indonesian learners of English. English Language Teaching, 6(10), 188-201. doi:10.5539/elt.v6n10p188
Yule, G. (1996). Pragmatics. Oxford University Press.
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2025 Nermin Punar Özçelik, Citra Dewi Harmia

Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Conforme recomendado pelo o Public Knowledge Project, a RCD adota para seus artigos uma licença CREATIVE COMMONS: Atribuição CC BY 4.0.
Esta licença permite que outros distribuam, remixem, adaptem e construam sobre o seu trabalho, mesmo comercialmente, desde que lhe dêem crédito pela criação original.
Esta é a licença mais adequada oferecida.
Recomendado para a máxima divulgação e uso de materiais licenciados.