DETERMINATION OF DEVELOPMENTAL COORDINATION DISORDER LEVELS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18316/rcd.v15i36.10798Keywords:
Developmental coordination disorder, Motor proficiency, Gender differences, MABC-2, DSM-5.Abstract
Background and Objective: Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder, affecting 5-6% of children and youth. Few studies examined the prevalence rate of DCD in a variety of countries; however, there is no published study on the prevalence of DCD in Turkish children. This study therefore aimed to determine the prevalence rate of DCD among school-aged children in Turkey. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative design was adopted in this study. The criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edition) were used to diagnose children with DCD. Participants were 856 children aged 6-9 years including 439 girls (51.17%) and 417 boys (48.83%) and their parents. Assessments were conducted using the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire 2007 (DCDQ'07) and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2). Results: The prevalence rate was found to be 8.53% for DCD among Turkish children aged 6 to 9 years. The prevalence rate ranged between 7.25% and 10.05% for the 6- to 9-year age groups. The range of prevalence rate was 7.62% to 15.09% and 4.90% to 8.74% in the girl and boy children, respectively. Despite some not significant differences, the prevalence rate of DCD were found to be similar across age and gender. Conclusion: Regardless of age and gender, the prevalence of DCD is relatively high among school-aged children in Turkey. Implementation of diagnostic and intervention strategies in primary schools is strongly recommended.
References
Amador-Ruiz, S., Gutierrez, D., Martínez-Vizcaíno, V., Gulías-González, R., Pardo-Guijarro, M. J., & Sánchez-López, M. (2018). Motor competence levels and prevalence of developmental coordination disorder in Spanish children: The MOVI-KIDS Study. Journal of School Health, 88(7), 538-546. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12639
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Association. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
Baghernia, R., & Asle Mohammadizadeh, M. (2014). Prevalence of developmental coordination disorder in Iranian 3-to-11-year-old children. Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences, 9(6), 1077-1099. https://doi.org/10.22122/jrrs.v9i6.1255
Beltrame, T. S., Capistrano, R., Alexandre, J. M., Lisboa, T., Andrade, R. D., & Gomes Felden, E. P. (2017). Prevalence of developmental coordination disorder in a sample of Brazilian children. Brazilian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 25(1), 105-113. https://doi.org/10.4322/0104-4931.ctoAO0777
Blank, R., Smits-Engelsman, B., Polatajko, H., & Wilson, P. (2012). European academy for childhood disability (EACD): Recommendations on the definition, diagnosis and intervention of developmental coordination disorder (long version). Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 54(1), 54-93. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.04171.x
Bouffard, M., Watkinson, E. J., Thompson, L. P., Dunn, J. L. C., & Romanow, S. K. E. (1996, 01 Jan. 1996). A test of the activity deficit hypothesis with children with movement difficulties. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 13(1), 61-73. https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.13.1.61
Caçola, P., & Killian, M. (2018). Health-related quality of life in children with developmental coordination disorder: Association between the PedsQL and KIDSCREEN instruments and comparison with their normative samples. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 75, 32-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2018.02.009
Cairney, J., Hay, J., Faught, B., Mandigo, J., & Flouris, A. (2005, 01 Jan. 2005). Developmental Coordination Disorder, Self-Efficacy Toward Physical Activity, and Play: Does Gender Matter? Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 22(1), 67-82. https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.22.1.67
De Milander, M., Coetzee, F. F., & Venter, A. (2016). Prevalence and effect of developmental coordination disorder on learning-related skills of South African grade one children. South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation, 38(2), 49-62. https://doi.org/10.10520/EJC192948
Delgado-Lobete, L., Santos-del-Riego, S., Pértega-Díaz, S., & Montes-Montes, R. (2019). Prevalence of suspected developmental coordination disorder and associated factors in Spanish classrooms. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 86, 31-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2019.01.004
Della Barba, P. C. d. S., Luiz, E. M., Pinheiro, R. C., & Lourenço, G. F. (2017). Prevalence of developmental coordination disorder signs in children 5 to 14 years in São Carlos. Motricidade, 13(3), 22-30. https://doi.org/10.6063/motricidade.10058
Deshmukh, A. A., Sahu, V., & Deshpande, M. S. (2021). Prevalence of suspected developmental coordination disorder and its association with preterm and low birth weight in 5–10-year old children. Medical Journal Armed Forces India. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mjafi.2021.10.016
Dewey, D., & Volkovinskaia, A. (2018, Jul). Health-related quality of life and peer relationships in adolescents with developmental coordination disorder and attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 60(7), 711-717. https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.13753
Ferguson, G. D., Naidoo, N., & Smits-Engelsman, B. C. (2015, May). Health promotion in a low-income primary school: Children with and without DCD benefit, but differently. Physical and Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, 35(2), 147-162. https://doi.org/10.3109/01942638.2015.1009230
Flapper, B. C., & Schoemaker, M. M. (2008, Apr). Effects of methylphenidate on quality of life in children with both developmental coordination disorder and ADHD. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 50(4), 294-299. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.02039.x
Flapper, B. C., & Schoemaker, M. M. (2013). Developmental coordination disorder in children with specific language impairment: co-morbidity and impact on quality of life. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34(2), 756-763. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2012.10.014
Green, D., Lingam, R., Mattocks, C., Riddoch, C., Ness, A., & Emond, A. (2011, Jul-Aug). The risk of reduced physical activity in children with probable developmental coordination disorder: A prospective longitudinal study. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32(4), 1332-1342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2011.01.040
Henderson, S. E., Sugden, D. A., & Barnett, A. L. (2007). Movement assessment battery for children – Second edition (Movement ABC- 2) examiner’s manual. . Harcourt Assessment.
Hendrix, C. G., Prins, M. R., & Dekkers, H. (2014, May). Developmental coordination disorder and overweight and obesity in children: a systematic review. Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 15(5), 408-423. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12137
IBM Corporation. (2016). IBM SPSS statistics for Windows, version 24.0. IBM Corporation.
Karras, H. C., Morin, D. N., Gill, K., Izadi-Najafabadi, S., & Zwicker, J. G. (2019, Jan). Health-related quality of life of children with developmental coordination disorder. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 84, 85-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2018.05.012
Kennedy-Behr, A., Rodger, S., & Mickan, S. (2013a, Sep). Aggressive interactions during free-play at preschool of children with and without developmental coordination disorder. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34(9), 2831-2837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2013.05.033
Kennedy-Behr, A., Rodger, S., & Mickan, S. (2013b, Fall). A comparison of the play skills of preschool children with and without developmental coordination disorder. OTJR : Occupation, Participation and Health, 33(4), 198-208. https://doi.org/10.3928/15394492-20130912-03
Kwan, M. Y., Cairney, J., Hay, J. A., & Faught, B. E. (2013, Nov). Understanding physical activity and motivations for children with developmental coordination disorder: an investigation using the theory of planned behavior. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34(11), 3691-3698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2013.08.020
Lee, K., Jung, T., Lee, D. K., Lim, J.-C., Lee, E., Jung, Y., & Lee, Y. (2019). A comparison of using the DSM-5 and MABC-2 for estimating the developmental coordination disorder prevalence in Korean children. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 94, Article 103459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2019.103459
Lingam, R., Hunt, L., Golding, J., Jongmans, M., & Emond, A. (2009). Prevalence of developmental coordination disorder using the DSM-IV at 7 years of age: A UK population–based study. Pediatrics, 123(4), 693-700. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-1770
Lingam, R., Jongmans, M. J., Ellis, M., Hunt, L. P., Golding, J., & Emond, A. (2012, Apr). Mental health difficulties in children with developmental coordination disorder. Pediatrics, 129(4), e882-891. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-1556
Mercê, C., Branco, M., Fernandes, O., & Catela, D. (2019). Prevalence of developmental coordination disorder in Rio Maior and São João da Ribeira in children with 3 and 4 years old. Medi@ções – Revista OnLine da Escola Superior de Educação do Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, 7(2), 179-192.
Missiuna, C., Cairney, J., Pollock, N., Russell, D., Macdonald, K., Cousins, M., Veldhuizen, S., & Schmidt, L. (2011, Mar-Apr). A staged approach for identifying children with developmental coordination disorder from the population. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32(2), 549-559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2010.12.025
Missiuna, C., Moll, S., King, S., King, G., & Law, M. (2007). A trajectory of troubles: parents' impressions of the impact of developmental coordination disorder. Physical and Ocupational Therapy in Pediatrics, 27(1), 81-101. https://doi.org/10.1080/J006v27n01_06
Raz-Silbiger, S., Lifshitz, N., Katz, N., Steinhart, S., Cermak, S., & Weintraub, N. (2015). Relationship between motor skills, participation in leisure activities and quality of life of children with developmental coordination disorder: Temporal aspects. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 38, 171-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2014.12.012
Rosenblum, S., Waissman, P., & Diamond, G. W. (2017, Jun). Identifying play characteristics of pre-school children with developmental coordination disorder via parental questionnaires. Human Movement Science, 53, 5-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2016.11.003
Schoemaker, M. M., & Houwen, S. (2021). Health-related quality of life in children with developmental disorders. Current Developmental Disorders Reports, 8(2), 69-76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40474-021-00235-z
Smits-Engelsman, B. C. M. (2010). Movement ABC-2-NL Dutch manual. Pearson.
Smits-Engelsman, B. C. M., Jelsma, L. D., & Ferguson, G. D. (2017, Oct). The effect of exergames on functional strength, anaerobic fitness, balance and agility in children with and without motor coordination difficulties living in low-income communities. Human Movement Science, 55, 327-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2016.07.006
Tsiotra, G. D., Flouris, A. D., Koutedakis, Y., Faught, B. E., Nevill, A. M., Lane, A. M., & Skenteris, N. (2006, 2006/07/01/). A Comparison of Developmental Coordination Disorder Prevalence Rates in Canadian and Greek Children. Journal of Adolescent Health, 39(1), 125-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.07.011
Watkinson, E. J., Dunn, J. C., Cavaliere, N., Calzonetti, K., Wilhelm, L., & Dwyer, S. (2001, 01 Jan. 2001). Engagement in playground activities as a criterion for diagnosing developmental coordination disorder. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 18(1), 18-34. https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.18.1.18
Wilson, B. N., Crawford, S. G., Green, D., Roberts, G., Aylott, A., & Kaplan, B. J. (2009). Psychometric properties of the revised developmental coordination disorder questionnaire. Physical and Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, 29(2), 182-202. https://doi.org/10.1080/01942630902784761
Wilson, B. N., Kaplan, B. J., Crawford, S. G., & Roberts, G. (2007). The developmental coordination disorder questionnaire 2007 (DCDQ’07): Administrative manual for the DCDQ’07 with psychometric properties. Alberta Children Hospital. http://dcdq.ca/uploads/pdf/DCDQ'07%20Manual%20Feb%2020th%202012.pdf
Wilson, P. H., Ruddock, S., Smits-Engelsman, B., Polatajko, H., & Blank, R. (2013, Mar). Understanding performance deficits in developmental coordination disorder: A meta-analysis of recent research. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 55(3), 217-228. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2012.04436.x
Wuang, Y.-P., Wang, C.-C., & Huang, M.-H. (2012). Health-related quality of life in children with developmental coordination disorder and their parents. OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health, 32(4), 142-150. https://doi.org/10.3928/15394492-20120607-03
Xia, C., Yan, C., Xi-Rong, G., Qin, H., Xi-Ling, L., Xiao, L., Mei-Ling, T., Ya-Chun, X., Lei, Y., & Min, Z. (2012). Study on prevalence and its risk factors of the developmental coordination disorder in a preschool children population of Nanjing city. Chinese Journal of Child Health Care, 20(12), 1074-1076. http://manu41.magtech.com.cn/Jwk_zgetbjzz/EN/abstract/article_878.shtml
Yazdi-Ugav, O., & Zeev, A. (2006). Developmental coordination disorder: Prevalence and motor performance of children from two schools in Israel. ISER: Issues in Special Education & Rehabilitation, 21(1), 5-20. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23453905
Yu, J., Sit, C. H., Capio, C. M., Burnett, A., Ha, A. S., & Huang, W. Y. (2016). Fundamental movement skills proficiency in children with developmental coordination disorder: Does physical self-concept matter? Disability and Rehabilitation, 38(1), 45-51. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2015.1014067
Zwicker, J. G., Harris, S. R., & Klassen, A. F. (2013, Jul). Quality of life domains affected in children with developmental coordination disorder: A systematic review. Child: Care, Health and Development, 39(4), 562-580. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2012.01379.x
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Conhecimento & Diversidade
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
As recommended by the Public Knowledge Project, RCD adopts for its articles a CREATIVE COMMONS Attribution CC BY 4.0 license.
This license allows others to distribute, remix, adapt and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation.
This is the most appropriate license offered.
Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials.
